How the generous Chinese support in the 1980s helped the Pakistan Army build itself into one of the most modern and efficient fighting forces in the world, says GEN (R) MIRZA ASLAM BEG, former Pakistan Army chief
GENERAL (R) MIRZA ASLAM BEG | Caravan Daily
[dropcap]O[/dropcap]ur defense collaboration with China is exemplary as well as unique. It has helped our armed forces, particularly the land forces, regain their élan after the 1971 debacle. During the early 80s there was a conscious realization of the weaknesses of the Army and the urgent need to develop it on modern lines. Luckily, this was the time when higher military education of the Armed Forces had developed the new military thought, capable of evolving a new system of forces to meet the operational demands of the year 2000 and beyond.
The full-fledged support of the Chinese to achieve that goal came as a blessing. Thus these two factors helped the Pakistan Army achieve the development goal – a modern army, with 90% self sufficiency and minimum of 40xdays of war stamina. These were ambitious plans but were easy to achieve with Chinese open-ended support. I would, therefore briefly explain these two creative forces of evolution of Pak land forces into a modern fighting force, acknowledged as one of the best in the world.
The New Military Thought
By the year 1980, higher military education got embedded into all the echelons of the military high command. The Armed Forces War Course Graduates found their place as formation commanders, heads of military institutions, senior staff officers and directors of arms and services and provided the inputs to develop a comprehensive agenda to create the system of forces to face the challenges of the future warfare, in an environment of multi-dimensional threat.
These plans were approved by the Chief of Army Staff. Myself as the Chief of General Staff at GHQ, was tasked to search for the new weapons, equipment and the much needed technology to complete the agenda for change. Having tried several avenues, we finally turned to China, to find very positive response from them.
Chinese Full Fledged Support
My first visit to China in early 1982 was explorative. I carried with me a wish list of all that I could purchase with US$ 600-million allocated funds. We had three good meetings in three days and were told to visit again, four weeks later for the finalization of the proceedings.
No other country was prepared to go that far, because they were simply interested to sell their military hardware for money, while China was interested in establishing the China-Pakistan Strategic Pivot, seeking regional peace through mutual development. To know the difference, just look at the nasty lobbying going on, over the sale of a few forty years old F16 ac, made in United States.
I was back in China the following month to a warm welcome and to a conference room where I found several elderly Chinese in civvies, waiting for us. I couldn’t help ask my host:
“I hope you haven’t brought me to a wrong place?”
“No, not at-all, you are here to meet the heads of our Defense Industries. They will tell you right now, what they have, and how soon they can meet your demand.”
I felt assured, and together with my team, got down to discuss the matter. It took us hardly an hour to go through the list we had submitted during our previous visit. They agreed to all our demands. I thanked them and before I could wind-up the meeting my host asked me:
“Is that all that you needed?”
“No. Not exactly, because, I have to remain within the limits of the
allocated funds.”
“That’s right, but let us have a look at your full list.”
I took out the list and discussed item by item. There was “Yes nod” almost to every item and when we notched the tally, it came to staggering US$ 1.7 billion.
I asked, “How do we pay for it?”
“No worry, pay as it suits you, in the next 25 years, at a nominal mark-up.”
We felt elated, tall and confident and returned to Pakistan to narrate the success story to our Chief and the colleagues. This was the beginning of a new era of rapid development in the field of technology transfer, indigenization, up-gradation of weapon systems and system engineering of state of the art weapons, missiles and equipment, made possible at the hands of such brilliant scientists like Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan and his team of experts, in a short period of less than a decade.
Six years later, in 1988, we carried out the trial of the prototype Al-Khalid tank, which beat American M1A1 tank, in all the five tests parameters. We could develop several other high-tech weapons, equipment and ammunition, to achieve 90% self sufficiency – a dream come true, made possible by the unflinching support of the Chinese leadership and their defense industries, with no strings attached.
No other country was prepared to go that far, because they were simply interested to sell their military hardware for money, while China was interested in establishing the China-Pakistan Strategic Pivot, seeking regional peace through mutual development. To know the difference, just look at the nasty lobbying going on, over the sale of a few forty years old F16 ac, made in United States.
Thus the acquired capability enabled us to actualize our strategic thought into a “War Plan”, characterized by “pre-emption and offensive defense” to achieve decisive results, despite fighting out numbered. This is the capability now, which also serves as “the deterrence”, the main function of the armed forces of Pakistan.
The Chinese are a gracious people. They do not meddle into our domestic politics. They do not attempt regime change, nor do they have any preference for a military or a civilian regime. Their only preference is the people of Pakistan, they relate to. This attitude has earned them deep mutual respect, which others cannot fathom.
I have no hesitation in saying that the bedrock of our defense collaboration, which gave us the Al-Khalid tank; the JF-17 Thunder, the multi role fighter aircrafts and the F-22 Frigates, prepared the ground for the multi-billion dollar China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Project, which lies at the heart of the China-Pakistan Strategic Pivot Concept.
Allow me to suggest a new project I gave to the Chinese Ambassador in 2011. It was the World Bank Report, recommending the development of the Inland Water Transportation System along river Indus, from Havelian in the North, to Karachi – 2000 km away, to provide the cheapest mode of transportation.
With the development of the Inland Water Transportation System, Pakistan could store large quantities of water by creating pondages, could develop new cities, industries and irrigate millions of hectors of barren land. The project would also supplement CPEC rail and road communication. It would have tremendous impact on our economy, ecology, social binding and national integration. I know, we can do it.