Once a Mughal legacy, the mansion is reduced to rubble amid allegations of collusion between builders and authorities
Team Clarion
NEW DELHI — The demolition this week of the iconic Mubarak Manzil, popularly known as Aurangzeb’s ‘haveli’ in Uttar Pradesh’s historic city of Agra has sparked outrage amongst many, including famed India-based Scottish historian William Dalrymple. “Neglect your main heritage centres, allow developers to raze all its heritage properties, and then be surprised when this great country has less tourists than Dubai or Singapore,” historian William Dalrymple wrote.
The demolition of the 17th-century Mughal heritage site has spurred allegations of collusion between a builder and officials.
The demolition occurred just three months after the state archaeological department listed the site for protection, with over 100 tractors of debris removed from the site.
Mubarak Manzil held significant historical value serving as a residence for prominent Mughal figures, including Shah Jahan, Shuja, and Aurangzeb. The structure underwent modifications during British rule, transforming into a customs house, salt office, and eventually, Tara Niwas by 1902.
The haveli has been a subject of cultural importance, documented in historical records such as Archibald Campbell Carlyle’s 1871 report. The structure, originally built with red sandstone and featuring arched lower floors and minarets, stood as a testament to the Mughal dynasty’s grandeur.
In September, the state archaeological department issued a notification proposing Mubarak Manzil’s protection, inviting objections within a month. With no objections received, officials from Lucknow visited the site just two weeks ago to kickstart preservation efforts. Ironically, demolition work commenced shortly after their visit, reducing the historic structure to rubble.
Residents and local activists have raised serious concerns about the demolition, alleging that it was carried out with the involvement of a builder, and that there was a tacit collusion between police and administrative officials. Locals reported that several complaints regarding the demolition were ignored, and no action was taken to halt the destruction of the mansion.
“It is clear that the demolition was carried out with the consent of officials, despite the site being in a sensitive location,” said one resident, who wished to remain anonymous. “The building had immense historical value, and now it’s gone.”
In response to the widespread protests, the district administration has launched an investigation into the demolition. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Revenue Department are also involved in the inquiry. The sub-divisional magistrate (SDM) has been tasked with visiting the site and submitting a report on the incident. Meanwhile, the district administration has issued a temporary order prohibiting any further changes to the site.
“This is an important issue, and we are investigating the matter thoroughly,” said an official from the district administration. “We will ensure that the necessary action is taken, and those responsible will be held accountable.”
The demolition has sparked significant public outcry, with heritage conservationists expressing their disappointment at the loss of yet another piece of India’s Mughal history. Many are concerned that this could set a dangerous precedent for the treatment of historical sites in the region.
“The destruction of Mubarak Manzil is a blow to India’s heritage,” said a local historian. “Such sites hold invaluable lessons about our history, and it’s crucial that we protect them for future generations.”
The controversy surrounding the demolition of Mubarak Manzil highlights ongoing tensions between development and heritage conservation. As the investigation continues, the fate of the remaining structure and any potential efforts for preservation or reconstruction remain uncertain.
The demolition of Mubarak Manzil has not only erased a significant piece of Mughal history but also raised serious questions about the role of local authorities and the protection of heritage sites in India. As the investigation unfolds, the community and heritage groups will be watching closely to ensure that justice is served and that such destructive actions are prevented in the future.
