Remembering the fearless freedom fighter, who led thousands of women in civil protests, championed Urdu and education, and defied social evils
PATNA – In the midst of the ongoing Bihar Assembly election campaigns, the state pauses to honour a remarkable figure in its history: Anees Fatima, Bihar’s first Muslim woman MLA, a freedom fighter, teacher, and social reformer whose courage and vision continue to inspire generations.
Born in Patna in 1901, Anees Fatima’s early years were marked by a sharp mind and fearless disposition, qualities that distinguished her in a time when women’s education and participation in public life were extremely limited. She completed her primary education at the Badshah Nawaz Rizvi School, also known as Madrasa Islamia, setting the stage for a life devoted to public service and national freedom.
“From childhood, she was determined not to remain silent,” said historian Dr Meena Sharma. “Her courage and intellect made her stand out, and she carried these traits into the freedom struggle, inspiring countless others.”
Anees Fatima’s commitment to India’s freedom movement was evident from her active participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. She fearlessly led protests against liquor shops in Patna, an audacious move for a woman at the time. During the 1930 Civil Disobedience Movement, she and fellow activist Gauri Das led a procession of more than 3,000 women in Patna. When fined ₹201 by the British government for her activism, she refused to pay.
She had to go to jail for her boldness but she neither accepted defeat in front of the British nor did she weaken in front of the cruelty of the British.
Her remarkable leadership earned her national recognition, with the Indian National Congress including her in the delegation sent to England to protest the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.
In 1937, Anees Fatima made history as Bihar’s first woman MLA, contesting and winning the election as an independent candidate. Her oratory skills were so compelling that she was awarded the title of “Lady Imam.” She was also an active member of Anjuman Tehreek-e-Urdu, campaigning for Urdu to be recognised as Bihar’s second language.
“Her election was more than a political victory,” said educationist Prof Arif Khan. “It was a statement that women, and especially Muslim women, could lead and shape society.”
Beyond politics, she dedicated her post-independence years to promoting education in Bihar, remaining associated with the Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library, and advocating against social evils like child marriage and strict purdah practices.
Anees Fatima’s life reflects a deep commitment to service, courage, and women’s empowerment. Married to Sir Syed Ali Imam, she helped lay the foundations for what is considered “Jadid Bihar,” or New Bihar, through her tireless efforts in education, social reform, and public service.
“Anees Fatima showed that courage and dedication know no gender,” remarked local activist Fatima Rizvi. “She not only fought for the nation’s independence but also for the rights of girls and women in society. Her legacy continues to guide us.”
As Bihar celebrates its electoral processes, remembering pioneers like Anees Fatima offers a reminder that true leadership is measured not by position but by service, bravery, and commitment to equality and justice.
